Apache Flink 同样提供了在测试金字塔的多个级别上测试应用程序代码的工具。
本文示例的maven依赖
UTF-8
UTF-8
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.12
1.17.0
org.apache.flink
flink-clients
${flink.version}
provided
org.apache.flink
flink-java
${flink.version}
provided
org.apache.flink
flink-streaming-java
${flink.version}
provided
org.apache.flink
flink-csv
${flink.version}
provided
org.apache.flink
flink-json
${flink.version}
provided
junit
junit
4.13
org.mockito
mockito-core
4.0.0
test
可以假设 Flink 在用户自定义函数之外产生了正确的结果。因此,建议尽可能多的用单元测试来测试那些包含主要业务逻辑的类。
以下无状态的 MapFunction 为例
通过传递合适地参数并验证输出,可以很容易的使用你喜欢的测试框架对这样的函数进行单元测试。
2)、示例-flatMapFunction
对于使用 org.apache.flink.util.Collector 的用户自定义函数(例如FlatMapFunction 或者 ProcessFunction),可以通过提供模拟对象而不是真正的 collector 来轻松测试。具有与 IncrementMapFunction 相同功能的 FlatMapFunction 可以按照以下方式进行单元测试。
2、对有状态或及时 UDF 和自定义算子进行单元测试
对使用管理状态或定时器的用户自定义函数的功能测试会更加困难,因为它涉及到测试用户代码和 Flink 运行时的交互。 为此,Flink 提供了一组所谓的测试工具,可用于测试用户自定义函数和自定义算子:
OneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness (适用于 DataStream 上的算子)
KeyedOneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness (适用于 KeyedStream 上的算子)
TwoInputStreamOperatorTestHarness (f适用于两个 DataStream 的 ConnectedStreams 算子)
KeyedTwoInputStreamOperatorTestHarness (适用于两个 KeyedStream 上的 ConnectedStreams 算子)
要使用测试工具,还需要一组其他的依赖项,比如DataStream和TableAPI的依赖。
1)、DataStream API 测试依赖
如果要为使用 DataStream API 构建的作业开发测试用例,则需要添加以下依赖项:
在各种测试实用程序中,该模块提供了 MiniCluster (一个可配置的轻量级 Flink 集群,能在 JUnit 测试中运行),可以直接执行作业。
2)、Table API 测试依赖
如果您想在您的 IDE 中本地测试 Table API 和 SQL 程序,除了前述提到的 flink-test-utils 之外,您还要添加以下依赖项:
这将自动引入查询计划器和运行时,分别用于计划和执行查询。
flink-table-test-utils 模块已在 Flink 1.15 中引入,截至Flink 1.17版本被认为是实验性的。
3)、flatmap function 单元测试
现在,可以使用测试工具将记录和 watermark 推送到用户自定义函数或自定义算子中,控制处理时间,最后对算子的输出(包括旁路输出)进行校验。
示例如下
/*
* @Author: alanchan
* @LastEditors: alanchan
* @Description: 单元测试flatmap,如果是偶数则存储原值及平方数
*/
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.FlatMapFunction;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.StreamFlatMap;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.watermark.Watermark;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.streamrecord.StreamRecord;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.util.OneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.util.TestHarnessUtil;
import org.apache.flink.util.Collector;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
public class TestStatefulFlatMapDemo3 {
static class AlanFlatMapFunction implements FlatMapFunction {
@Override
public void flatMap(Integer value, Collector out) throws Exception {
if (value % 2 == 0) {
out.collect(value);
out.collect(value * value);
}
}
}
OneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness testHarness;
@Before
public void setupTestHarness() throws Exception {
StreamFlatMap operator = new StreamFlatMap(new AlanFlatMapFunction());
testHarness = new OneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness(operator);
testHarness.open();
}
@Test
public void testFlatMap2() throws Exception {
long initialTime = 0L;
ConcurrentLinkedQueue
KeyedOneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness 和 KeyedTwoInputStreamOperatorTestHarness 可以通过为键的类另外提供一个包含 TypeInformation 的 KeySelector 来实例化。
/*
* @Author: alanchan
* @LastEditors: alanchan
* @Description: 按照城市分类,并将城市缩写变成大写
*/
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.RichFlatMapFunction;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.ValueState;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.ValueStateDescriptor;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.Types;
import org.apache.flink.api.java.functions.KeySelector;
import org.apache.flink.configuration.Configuration;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.StreamFlatMap;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.streamrecord.StreamRecord;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.util.KeyedOneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.util.OneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness;
import org.apache.flink.util.Collector;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
public class TestStatefulFlatMapDemo2 {
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
static class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
private String city;
}
static class AlanFlatMapFunction extends RichFlatMapFunction {
// The state is only accessible by functions applied on a {@code KeyedStream}
ValueState previousInput;
@Override
public void open(Configuration parameters) throws Exception {
super.open(parameters);
previousInput = getRuntimeContext()
.getState(new ValueStateDescriptor("previousInput", User.class));
}
@Override
public void flatMap(User input, Collector out) throws Exception {
previousInput.update(input);
input.setCity(input.getCity().toUpperCase());
out.collect(input);
}
}
AlanFlatMapFunction alanFlatMapFunction = new AlanFlatMapFunction();
OneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness testHarness;
@Before
public void setupTestHarness() throws Exception {
alanFlatMapFunction = new AlanFlatMapFunction();
testHarness = new KeyedOneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness<>(new StreamFlatMap<>(alanFlatMapFunction),
new KeySelector() {
@Override
public String getKey(User value) throws Exception {
return value.getCity();
}
}, Types.STRING);
testHarness.open();
}
@Test
public void testFlatMap() throws Exception {
testHarness.processElement(new User(1, "alanchan", 18, "sh"), 10);
ValueState previousInput = alanFlatMapFunction.getRuntimeContext().getState(
new ValueStateDescriptor<>("previousInput", User.class));
User stateValue = previousInput.value();
Assert.assertEquals(
Lists.newArrayList(new StreamRecord<>(new User(1, "alanchan", 18, "sh".toUpperCase()), 10)),
testHarness.extractOutputStreamRecords());
Assert.assertEquals(new User(1, "alanchan", 18, "sh".toUpperCase()), stateValue);
testHarness.processElement(new User(2, "alan", 19, "bj"), 10000);
Assert.assertEquals(
Lists.newArrayList(
new StreamRecord<>(new User(1, "alanchan", 18, "sh".toUpperCase()), 10),
new StreamRecord<>(new User(2, "alan", 19, "bj".toUpperCase()), 10000)),
testHarness.extractOutputStreamRecords());
Assert.assertEquals(new User(2, "alan", 19, "bj".toUpperCase()), previousInput.value());
}
}
除了之前可以直接用于测试 ProcessFunction 的测试工具之外,Flink 还提供了一个名为 ProcessFunctionTestHarnesses 的测试工具工厂类,可以简化测试工具的实例化。
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.Types;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.KeyedProcessFunction;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.KeyedProcessOperator;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.streamrecord.StreamRecord;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.util.KeyedOneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.util.OneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness;
import org.apache.flink.util.Collector;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
/*
* @Author: alanchan
* @LastEditors: alanchan
* @Description:
*/
public class TestProcessOperatorDemo1 {
// public abstract class KeyedProcessFunction
static class AlanProcessFunction extends KeyedProcessFunction {
@Override
public void processElement(String value, KeyedProcessFunction.Context ctx,
Collector out) throws Exception {
ctx.timerService().registerProcessingTimeTimer(50);
out.collect("vx->" + value);
}
@Override
public void onTimer(long timestamp, OnTimerContext ctx, Collector out) throws Exception {
// 到达时间点触发事件操作
out.collect(String.format("定时器在 %d 被触发", timestamp));
}
}
private OneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness testHarness;
private AlanProcessFunction processFunction;
@Before
public void setupTestHarness() throws Exception {
processFunction = new AlanProcessFunction();
testHarness = new KeyedOneInputStreamOperatorTestHarness<>(
new KeyedProcessOperator<>(processFunction),
x -> "1",
Types.STRING);
// Function time is initialized to 0
testHarness.open();
}
@Test
public void testProcessElement() throws Exception {
testHarness.processElement("alanchanchn", 10);
Assert.assertEquals(
Lists.newArrayList(
new StreamRecord<>("vx->alanchanchn", 10)),
testHarness.extractOutputStreamRecords());
}
@Test
public void testOnTimer() throws Exception {
// test first record
testHarness.processElement("alanchanchn", 10);
Assert.assertEquals(1, testHarness.numProcessingTimeTimers());
// Function time 设置为 100
testHarness.setProcessingTime(100);
Assert.assertEquals(
Lists.newArrayList(
new StreamRecord<>("vx->alanchanchn", 10),
new StreamRecord<>("定时器在 100 被触发")),
testHarness.extractOutputStreamRecords());
}
}
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